Vmware下如何扩展centos虚拟机磁盘

介绍

创建Linux时分配磁盘空间随着使用的增加，使用率逐渐升高，此时需要在添加或者扩展一下磁盘。 
比如：此Linux(CentOS 7.X)的磁盘为20G，安装oracle磁盘空间不够，所以在网上找了一下扩展虚拟机磁盘的教程，可用并记录如下。

VMware12对虚拟机磁盘扩展

安装centos7.5时候磁盘设置20G，由于安装Oracle，导致磁盘空间不足。
保证：该虚拟机在调整磁盘空间时镜像，如果有 需要删除。
1.编辑虚拟机配置->硬盘20G->扩展(E)->调整为40G->确定

查看系统

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[root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release

CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)

查看使用磁盘大小

[root@oracle ~]# df -h

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  3.1G   14G  19% /
devtmpfs                 476M     0  476M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    488M     0  488M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    488M  7.7M  480M   2% /run
tmpfs                    488M     0  488M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  227M  788M  23% /boot
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0

查看磁盘空间，第一行已经显示42.9GB

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors 
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a6661

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

扩展分区命令

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 
First sector (41943040-83886079, default 41943040): 
Using default value 41943040
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (41943040-83886079, default 83886079): 
Using default value 83886079
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L

 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix      
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

执行 partprobe或者重启

执行 partprobe命令用于将磁盘分区表变化信息通知内核，并请求操作系统重新加载分区表，可以避免必须重新启动的问题，这里我们reboot一下。

1 2	[root@oracle ~]# partprobe Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.

分区确认

可以查看出磁盘多了 /dev/sda3        41943040    83886079    20971520   8e  Linux LVM

[root@oracle ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000a6661

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200    41943039    19921920   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3        41943040    83886079    20971520   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 18.2 GB, 18249416704 bytes, 35643392 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

扩展VG

vgextend cl_angular /dev/sda3  命令中 cl_angular替换为自己系统的，我的是centos
可以查看 fdisk -l命令结果中 Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root  中/dev/mapper/cento的root

[root@oracle ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
[root@oracle ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- <19.00g    0 
[root@oracle ~]# vgextend cl_angular /dev/sda3
  Volume group "cl_angular" not found
  Cannot process volume group cl_angular
[root@oracle ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
[root@oracle ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree  
  centos   2   2   0 wz--n- 38.99g <20.00g

扩展LV

[root@oracle ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                                    
  swap centos -wi-ao----   2.00g                                                    
[root@oracle ~]# lvextend /dev/centos/root /dev/sda3
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.00 GiB (4351 extents) to 36.99 GiB (9470 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
[root@oracle ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- 36.99g                                                    
  swap centos -wi-ao----  2.00g

xfs_growfs合并

使用xfs_growfs可以将xfs文件系统进行online方式的扩展，它会将data block进行调整。

[root@oracle ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  3.1G   14G  19% /
devtmpfs                 476M     0  476M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    488M     0  488M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    488M  7.7M  480M   2% /run
tmpfs                    488M     0  488M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  227M  788M  23% /boot
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0
[root@oracle ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1113856 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4455424, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4455424 to 9697280
[root@oracle ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   37G  3.1G   34G   9% /
devtmpfs                 476M     0  476M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    488M     0  488M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    488M  7.7M  480M   2% /run
tmpfs                    488M     0  488M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  227M  788M  23% /boot
tmpfs                     98M     0   98M   0% /run/user/0

参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/78877957